Listening to Our Kūpuna: Translating Nūpepa 1893 (Hawaiian Language Newspapers)

Why We Read Our Kūpuna’s Words in the Nūpepa

For us today, social media and digital platforms are where we share our stories and talk about what matters. But back in the day, the nūpepa was where our kūpuna did that work. The Hawaiian newspapers were their version of our modern social media—a space to share thoughts, news, and debates, and to stay connected with each other and with the world. 

"Ke Aloha Aina" was a Hawaiian-language newspaper founded by Joseph Nāwahī in 1895. Nāwahī, a respected leader, politician, and artist, started the paper during a period of intense political upheaval in Hawaiʻi. He was a staunch defender of the Hawaiian Kingdom and a fierce opponent of the illegal overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893.

Nāwahī used "Ke Aloha Aina" as a platform to rally support for Hawaiian independence and to educate people about the rights and sovereignty of the Hawaiian nation. The paper served as a voice for the Hawaiian community, advocating for the preservation of Hawaiian culture, language, and self-determination. Through "Ke Aloha Aina", Nāwahī aimed to empower his people by keeping them informed and united in the fight to restore their kingdom.

I've completed the translations of the first two issues of "Ke Aloha Aina", uncovering the words of Joseph Nāwahī and the voices of our kūpuna as they navigated a time of political and cultural upheaval. Each article is a window into their thoughts, revealing their commitment to preserving Hawaiian identity and sovereignty. I plan to continue translating more issues as time permits, to make these stories accessible for all who want to connect with our history. There’s so much wisdom, resilience, and insight in these pages, and I’m excited to keep sharing what I find as we go along. Stay tuned for more translations and join me in rediscovering these powerful pieces of our heritage.

Disclaimer: 

Although I am a Native Hawaiian, the translations of "Ke Aloha Aina" were completed with the assistance of ChatGPT. While I believe the translations are generally accurate (according to my knowledge of ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi) and convey the overall meaning of the original texts, there may be a few mistakes or nuances that are not perfectly captured. I encourage readers to interpret these translations with that understanding in mind and to reach out if you have insights or corrections to share. Mahalo for joining me on this journey to bring our kūpuna’s words back to life.

For reference here is the link to the first issue of Ke Aloha Aina First Issue May 1895

My complete translations for the first two issues can be found here.

The article introduces Ke Aloha Aina, emphasizing its mission to foster love for Hawaii, provide education, and promote patriotism among the Hawaiian people. It pledges to offer accurate news, political perspectives, and cultural insights, while avoiding religious disputes and frivolous content, with the ultimate goal of supporting Hawaii's continued independence and well-being.

(see complete article on page 7)

Translation: 

To the Beloved Fellow Citizens

To our Native Nation, from Hawaii nui o Keawe to Kauai o Manokolanipo; to all friends and companions,

GREETINGS TO YOU ALL:

The time has come, and it is now, that we personally take on the task of publishing this newspaper among our own people to continue the spirit of love for our land, our nation, and its enduring independence.

We recognize that these are challenging times for the land, and that our nation is impoverished. We also understand that the task we are undertaking is demanding, requiring effort and endurance, and that we will be criticized by those whose views differ from ours. However, despite the many hardships that have befallen our land, we have resolved that "this is the time to act, while the sun is still shining."

We will strive, in every way possible, to provide our Native Nation and all our readers with a clear understanding of the truths and guiding principles necessary for the well-being of the Hawaiian Nation.

We will publish enlightening thoughts concerning Hawaiian Homes, the primary gardens where the spirit of Patriotism is planted in the hearts of the children of Hawaii.

We will also do our best to report on news from abroad and from within Hawaii, and to correct any inaccuracies and falsehoods.

We will spread comprehensive political ideas, clarifying whether we support or oppose them without fear.

We will include true religious perspectives, but we will not permit religious disputes within our newspaper, as they are matters between individuals and their God.

Since the interests of our readers vary—some enjoy stories and plays to pass the time—we have no mandate to limit these, and their inclusion is up to those who contribute such material.

Educational content that is valuable will be included in Ke Aloha Aina, but worthless and disruptive topics will not be published.

With the firm belief that friends and supporters of the Hawaiian Nation will join us in this effort to promote love and education, we move forward, knowing that Hawaii will gain the enlightenment needed to understand its personal and national rights within its own homeland.

With these few introductory words, we conclude:

"May Hawaii Live in God."

This passage raises questions about the historical transfer of lands in Hawaii. It expresses concern about the process by which lands originally given by Hawaiian chiefs for church use were allegedly transferred to American missionary boards. The writer calls for transparency and seeks clarity on how these land transfers occurred, while stressing respect for the missionaries' teachings and a desire to understand the truth for the benefit of the Hawaiian people. (Page 1)

The following article reflects on Britain’s controversial actions in Nicaragua, drawing a parallel to past injustices in Hawaii. It notes the uncertain future of British influence globally and emphasizes that only divine protection has kept Hawaii safe amidst global power struggles, ending with a prayer for Hawaii’s continued protection. (Page 3)

Translation:

"Work is Approaching"

It is well understood that due to Britain’s actions toward Nicaragua, there are criticisms within the United States condemning Britain’s behavior. However, they have forgotten what Stevens and the warship Boston did here in Hawaii on January 17, 1893.

In truth, only those without fault should cast the first stone.

These British interventions, which are now being carried out alongside some South American countries, show that England is steadily extending its influence from east to west.

It is a puzzling path they are pursuing, yet where it will ultimately lead remains unclear to foreign observers.

The tide among nations now shifts toward pursuing their interests through power, military strength, and warships; yet, whether victorious or not, the stronger side will prevail in the end.

As for us, we look beyond Hawaii’s shores and realize it is only by God’s grace that we remain safe amid such uncertain circumstances.

Our prayer is that the love from above will protect Hawaii.

The following article discusses the opposing viewpoints on Hawaii's future, with some advocating for annexation to the U.S. and others supporting the continuation of the Hawaiian Republic. While some previous annexation supporters now benefit from Republican positions, the debate over Hawaii’s political future continues, with the ultimate outcome left to time. (Page 4)

Translation: 

"Diverse Opinions"

As we understand it, there is a gathering of people with various viewpoints living here in this island chain; and because of these differing perspectives, conflicts arise among the people of this land.

The differing factions are the Annexationists and the Republicans.

Some wish to annex these Hawaiian Islands to America, while others do not support annexation and prefer that Hawaii remains an independent Republic.

The decision on annexation ultimately depends on the consent of the Hawaiian people, as well as the approval of the United States. Since President Cleveland and his Cabinet, as well as the Hawaiian people, have denied annexation, it remains unresolved until at least 1897.

Those in favor of supporting the Republic are rallying strongly, believing that this system will endure as it is now.

Curiously, some who once fervently supported annexation are now part of the Republican government, pursuing their political interests and financial gains, while disparaging their former associates. Maintaining the Republic is the primary goal for all Republicans who have secured positions and salaries. This is not surprising, as we see similar behavior in republics worldwide. Struggles often arise as different parties seek control of government power and financial interests.

There are many speeches made, some advocating for annexation as the best option, while others argue against it, favoring the continuation of the Republic.

For our part, we remember the events of 1875 and 1876, when we warned our Hawaiian people with these words: "The Reciprocity Treaty is the first step toward annexation."

Having seen this for over 20 years, we now find ourselves at the dawn of debates over the government structure that remains contested.

What outcome awaits us, and when will it arrive? Only time will tell.

The following article emphasizes the importance of Hawaiian Homes as the foundation of cultural preservation and future hope for the Hawaiian people. It raises concerns about the direction in which Hawaiian youth are being guided, questioning if parents are aware of what is being taught in schools and urging them to consider how these influences may impact their children’s love for their homeland.

Translation:

"The Hawaiian Homes"

Hawaiian Homes are truly the foundation of hope for the Hawaiian Nation.

The Home is like a garden nursery, nurturing seedlings to eventually fill the land and become a great forest. In the same way, the young seeds of the Hawaiian Nation must be nurtured so they may grow into adults who contribute to their nation and the welfare of their land.

However, it is a great mistake if young people are led to break away from their cultural values, especially as future generations come.

Because of this concern, the parents of Hawaiian children have been guided to examine what may be misleading and contrary to the well-being of the Hawaiian Nation.

Today, we are observing with great concern the direction in which Hawaiian youth are being led.

On the surface, it appears that they are being educated in enlightenment; but in reality, that is not the case. There is a different purpose and intention being instilled in Hawaiian youth.

Do parents understand this method by which their children are being led? Are you fully aware of what is being taught to your children in school? Have you noticed signs that they are being taught to reject love for their land? How do you perceive your children’s actions? Reflect carefully, parents, on the efforts concerning your Hawaiian Homes.

For ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi translation and practice, try Kumu ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. It offers tools for vocabulary, grammar, and conversation, with references to ʻOlelo Hawaiʻi: Elements of Hawaiian Grammar, wehewehe.org, ulukau.org, and kahekili.hawaii.edu.